FİKRİ MÜLKİYET HAKLARI: AVRUPA PATENT ANTLAŞMASI, AVRUPA PATENT OFİSİ, TİCARETLE BAĞLANTILI FİKRİ MÜLKİYET HAKLARI VE GASTRONOMİ ALANINDAKİ PATENT ÖRNEKLERİ
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Abstract
Fikri mülkiyet hakları giderek uluslararası alanda rekabet boyutu gelişen bir araştırma sahası haline gelmiştir. Ülkeler arası patent rekabeti ulusal patent ofislerinin sadece tescil işleminin yapıldığı ülkede bağlayıcılığı ve geçerliliği bulunması sebebiyle uluslararası alanda geçerli olan patent tescillerine bir yönelmeyi beraberinde getirmiştir. Dünya Fikri Mülkiyet Örgütü ve Avrupa Patent Ofisi bu anlamda uluslararası düzeyde çatı kuruluşlar olarak görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda, uluslararası patent mevzuatında yapılan düzenlemeler incelendiğinde özellikle Patent İşbirliği Antlaşması, Avrupa Patent Antlaşması ve Ticaretle Bağlantılı Fikri Mülkiyet Hakları Antlaşması büyük önem taşımaktadır. EPO istatistiksel verileri ışığında EPC ve PCT çerçevesinde 2014 yılında gönderilen patent başvurularının %26 düzeyindeki oranla ABD’nin ilk sırayı aldığı ve yine %22 düzeyindeki oranla ABD’den gönderilen patentlerin kabul edildiği görülmektedir. Aynı yıl yapılan başvurular incelendiğinde %64’lük oranla Çok-Uluslu İşletmelerin patent başvurusu yaptığı ve dünyada da Samsung firmasının bir numara olduğu, en çok patent başvurusu yapılan alanın medikal teknoloji sahasının olduğu görülmektedir. Avrupa Patent Ofisi (EPO) 2017 Yıllık Raporuna göre patent başvurularında %.3.9’luk bir artış yaşanırken, en fazla başvuru yapan ülkeler ABD (42,300), Almanya (25,490), Japonya (21,712), Fransa (10,559) ve Çin (8,330) olmuştur. En fazla Avrupa patent başvurusunun yapıldığı teknoloji alan tıp teknolojileri iken onu dijital iletişim ve bilgisayar teknolojileri takip etmiştir. Türkiye'den 2016 yılında 510, 2017 yılında ise %74,9’luk artışla 892 adet Avrupa patent başvurusu yapılmıştır.
Keywords
Abstract
Intellectual property rights have become a field of research that is increasingly evolving internationally to the competitive dimension. Competition between countries has led to a tendency towards patent registrations that are valid in the international arena as national patent offices have binding and validity only in the country where the registration is made. In this sense, the World Intellectual Property Organization and the European Patent Office are regarded as roofing organizations on an international level. In this context, especially when the arrangements made in international patent legislation are examined, the Patent Cooperation Treaty, the European Patent Treaty and the Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights Treaty are of great importance. In the light of EPO statistical data, it is seen that the patent applications submitted in 2014 within the framework of EPC and PCT were the first in the USA with the rate of 26% and the patents sent from the USA with the rate of 22% were accepted. When the applications made in the same year are examined, it is seen that 64% of Multi-National Enterprises apply for patent and Samsung is number one in the world and the most patent application area is medical technology field. According to the European Patent Office (EPO) 2017 Annual Report, patent applications increased by .3.9%, while the most applicants were the USA (42,300), Germany (25,490), Japan (21,712), France (10,559) and China (8,330). It has been. The field in which most European patent applications were filed was medical technologies followed by digital communications and computer technologies. In 2016 510 from Turkey, while in 2017 an increase of 892% 74,9'luk European patent application is made.
Keywords
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