Author :
Abstract
Bu makale minimalizmi tüketici karşıtı eğilimli sosyal uygulamaların bir örneği olarak ele almaktadır. İlk bölüm minimalizmin varsayımlarına odaklanır. Aşağıdaki bölümler, minimalizm ve tüketim türevleri arasındaki ilişkinin farklı varyantlarına, yani tüketim karşıtlığı ve aşırı tüketim (tüketimcilik) ile ilgilidir. Ayrıca, yazar minimalizmi bir tüketim tarzı ve bilinçli bir tüketim biçimi olarak görmektedir. Analiz minimalist bloglara ve kitaplar üzerinde temellendirilmiştir. Minimalizm, takipçilerine ve bazı araştırmacılara göre, tüketicilik odaklı tavırlara kıyasla yaşamda bir anlam arama talebi ile birleşen anti-tüketimci bir yaklaşım olarak karakterize olan bir yaşam tarzıdır. Hayatın maddi olmayan yönlerinde daha fazlasına ulaşmak üzere ana prensibi-"daha az daha çoktur"- "daha azına sahip olmak" olarak açıklanmaktadır. Minimalizm içindeki böylesine bir bakış açısı belirli bir modele göre yaşam değişikliklerini gerçekleştirmek bakımından kapsamlı araçlar sağlamaktadır. Bunlar şunları içerir: tüketicilik eleştirisi (aşırı tüketim); özlemlerin materyalist olarak yeniden yönlendirilmesi ("gerçek" değerlerin keşfi) ve kişinin "eski yaşam tarzını" yeniden yapılandırma yöntemleri (bir araç olarak minimalizm). Bu minimalizme ilişkin öncelikle minimalizmin araştımacıları tarafından kullanılan birçok tanımdan biridir. Hem minimalistlerin kendileri tarafından yazılan metinlerde hem de (nadiren) ikincil literatürde görünen diğer terimler şunları içerir: fikir, ideoloji, yaşam tarzı, felsefe, düşünce tarzı, doktrin, tutum, moda ve yol.
Keywords
Abstract
This article discusses minimalism as an example of anti-consumer-oriented social practices. The first section focuses on the assumptions of minimalism. The following parts refer to different variants of the relationship between minimalism and derivatives of consumption, i.e anti-consumption and hyper-consumption (consumerism). The author also considers minimalism as a style of consumption and as a form of conscious consumption. The analysis is based on minimalist blogs and books. Minimalism is a lifestyle1 that, according to its followers and some researchers, is characterized by an anti-consumerist approach combined with the demand for seeking meaning in life by means other than consumerism-oriented attitudes. Its main principle – “less is more” – is explained as “owning less” in order to achieve more in non-material aspects of life. Such a view of minimalism provides comprehensive instruments for carrying out life changes according to a specific pattern. These include: criticism of consumerism (excessive consumption); post- materialistic redirection of aspirations (discovery of “real” values) and methods of restructuring one’s ‘old lifestyle’ (minimalism as a tool).
Keywords
- Alexander Samuel. 2011. “The voluntary simplicity movement. Reimagining the good life beyond consumer culture”. The International Journal of Environmental, Cultural, Economic and Social Sustainability 7: 4–21.
- Babauta Leo. 2014. Książeczka minimalisty. Prosty przewodnik szczęśliwego człowieka. Gliwi- ce: Wydawnictwo Helion.
- Baudrillard Jean. 2006. Społeczeństwo konsumpcyjne. Jego mity i struktury. Warszawa: Wy- dawnictwo Sic!
- Bauman Zygmunt. 2009. Konsumowanie życia. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiel- lońskiego.
- Bauman Zygmunt. 2005. Work, consumerism and the new poor. Buckingham: Open University Press.
- Becker Joshua. 2017. Im mniej, tym więcej. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Znak.
- Becker Joshua. Minimalist economy. www.becomingminimalist.com [dostęp: 17.06.2017] Della Porta Donatella. 2009. Ruchy Społeczne. Wprowadzenie. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego.
- Duda Aneta. 2013. Strategie oporu konsumenckiego – dezercja z rynku czy współpraca. Kultura i Społeczeństwo 4: 49–68.
- Elgin Duan, Arnold Mitchell. 1977. “Voluntary simplicity”. The Co-Evolution Qarterly (Summer) 4–19.
- Elgin Duan. Voluntary simplicity. Toward a way of life that is outwardly simple, inwardly rich, Second Revised Edition, New York 2010.
- Etzioni Amitai. 1998. Voluntary simplicity. Characterization, select, psychological implications and social consequences”. Journal of Economic Psychology 19: 619–643.
- Fagan Chelsea. 2017. Minimalism. Another boring product wealthy people can buy. The Guardian, 3 March 2017.
- www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2017/mar/04/minimalism- conspicuous-consumption-class [dostęp 15.09.2017]
- Górnik-Durose Małgorzata. 2002. Psychologiczne aspekty posiadania – między instrumentalnością a społeczną użytecznością dóbr materialnych. Katowice: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego.
- Grigsby Mary. 2004. Buying time and getting by: the voluntary simplicity movement, New York: Albany.
- Inglehart Ronald. 1997. Modernization and postmodernization. Cultural, economic and political change in 43 societies. New York: Princeton University Press.
- Inglehart Ronald. 1990. Culture shift in advanced industrial societies. New York: Princeton University Press.
- Jacyno Małgorzata. 2007. Kultura indywidualizmu. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe
- PWN. Jay Francine. 2016. Minimalizm daje radość. Warszawa: Muza SA.
- Kasperek Andrzej. 2016. Minimalistyczna duchowość jako przykład antykonsumpcjonistycz- nej duchowości. perspektywa socjologiczna. Zeszyty Naukowe KUL 4: 71–88.
- Kasperek Andrzej. 2014a. Wyrażanie sprzeciwu poprzez duchowość. przypadek minimali- zmu”. Stan Rzeczy 2: 179–197.
- Kasperek Andrzej. 2014b. Minimalistów poszukiwania wewnętrznego spokoju. Fragile 3–4: 6– 11.
- Kędzierska Katarzyna. 2016. Chcieć mniej. Minimalizm w praktyce. Kraków: Znak Litera Nova.
- Krajewski Marek. 2013. Są w życiu rzeczy... Szkice z socjologii przedmiotów. Warszawa: Fun- dacja nowej Kultury Bęc Zmiana.
- Kramarczyk Justyna. 2015. Mieć czy być? Minimalizm jako przykład świadomej konsumpcji w świetle badań własnych. Prace naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu Konsumpcja jako forma komunikacji społecznej. Nowe paradygmaty i konteksty badawcze 414: 270–285.
- Loreau Dominique. 2011. Sztuka Prostoty. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Czarna Owca.
- Millburn Joshua Fields, Ryan Nikodemus. Minimalism. www.theminimalist.com [dostęp: 21.06.2017]
- Mularczyk-Meyer Anna. 2015. Minimalizm dla zaawansowanych. Wołowiec: Black publishing.
- Mularczyk-Meyer Anna. 2014. Minimalizm po polsku, czyli jak uczynić życie prostszym. Wołowiec: Black Publishing.
- Olechnicki Krzysztof. 2017. Subświaty. na wyspach odczepionych znaczeń. W: Nowe praktyki kulturowe Polaków, T. Szlendak, K. Olechnicki (red.), 221–308. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
- Raciniewska Alicja. 2013. Poor chic. Estetyka ubóstwa w modzie epoki postindustrialnej. Kultura i Społeczeństwo 4: 83–100.
- Sasaki Fumio. 2017. Pożegnanie z nadmiarem. Minimalizm japoński. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Burda NG Polska.
- Skowrońska Marta. 2013. Minimalizm i chomikowanie: jak radzić sobie z nadmiarem przed- miotów?. Kultura Współczesna 1: 89–104.
